FPGA (Field-Programmable Gate Array)
An FPGA (Field-Programmable Gate Array) is a type of integrated circuit that can be programmed multiple times after manufacturing. FPGAs consist of an array of programmable logic blocks and interconnects, enabling parallel processing of multiple tasks.
Modern FPGAs can include embedded processors, memory blocks, and high-speed transceivers. They are often used for prototyping before committing to ASIC fabrication.
Types of Gates and Components
The gates of an FPGA are the basic building blocks. They are built using logic gates. The main types of gates are:
- Look-Up Tables (LUTs): Implement any combinational logic function by storing the truth table of the function. A typical LUT can have 4 to 6 inputs, allowing it to represent a wide range of logic functions.
- Flip-Flops: Store state information and implement sequential logic. Flip-flops can be configured to create registers, counters, and state machines.
The main components found in an FPGA include:
- Multiplexers (MUXes): Select one of several input signals and forward the selected input to a single output line. Used for routing and data selection.
- Digital Signal Processing (DSP) Blocks: Dedicated DSP blocks optimized for performing arithmetic operations, such as multiplication and addition.
- Block RAM (BRAM): Used for data storage, allowing for efficient memory access
- I/O Blocks: Interface with external devices
Applications
- Digital Signal Processing (DSP)
- Embedded Systems
- Prototyping and Development
- Networking Devices
- Machine Learning